Carbon materials refer to a diverse group of materials primarily composed of carbon atoms, often in the form of graphite, diamond, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerenes. These materials exhibit unique properties such as high thermal and electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and chemical stability, making them ideal for various applications in electronics, energy storage, sensors, and catalysis. Research in carbon materials focuses on exploring the synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of these materials to enhance their properties and enable new applications. This includes studying the structure-property relationships of different carbon allotropes, understanding their behavior at the nanoscale, and developing novel methods for their production and manipulation. Overall, research in carbon materials plays a crucial role in advancing technology and addressing global challenges such as energy storage, environmental sustainability, and healthcare.